Showing posts with label universal waste. Show all posts
Showing posts with label universal waste. Show all posts

Universal Waste and the Fallacy of Failure

 Had a long and frustrating conversation with a pal of mine who is presenting to a council on CERCLA - the law enacted to clean up pollution disasters. CERCLA, or Superfund, is backward looking. It is not a seat belt or an air bag, it's a law to clean up the highway accidents by assigning cleanup costs to those who drove the car or fueled the tank.

First, here is the photojournalist take of a large failed warehouse.

Landlord warehouse in Columbus OH, courtesy of Resource Recycling magazine.


The pal called to present his recent takeaway from Closed Loop Refining and Recovery failure, an abandonment of CRTs and CRT glass at facilities CLRR rented in Arizona and Ohio. That highway accident was perhaps the biggest blemish on Electronics Recycling Programs across the country. Or perhaps, it's not. But owing to the landlord's use of CERCLA (Superfund Law) language to go after clients of the CRT Recycling company, CLRR certainly made the news, and elevated what was not the largest of CRT glass markets to become emblematic of the CRT recycling industry.

Cars driving the speed limit on the highway don't make the news. CRT recyclers who continually processed CRT glass, under the conditions of the EPA CRT Rule, were able to move far more material than CLRR - because they were moving it.

CLRR was driving twice the speed limit day after day by the end of the third quarter 2013. And by speed limit, I'm referring to limits on the conditional exemption to hazardous waste law - rules against speculative accumulation, and processing deadlines to produce "furnace ready cullet".

The consulting pal said that the root cause of the failures was the EPA CRT Rule - which I helped write in 1999. He said that had the EPA instead classified the CRTs as "Universal (Hazardous) Waste", that CLRR would not have happened.

This thinking is typical of CERCLA, which only focuses on disasters. People can make up whatever they want about coulda-shoulda-woulda, and the disaster appears to be the evidence that if "mistakes were made", that the wording of the laws in place that didn't prevent this accident must be to blame.

This is like a call to lower the highway speed limit from 70 to 50 MPH, when CLRR was driving 140. The fact is that if any regulator, certifying body, landlord doubling rented space, or supplier doing normal due diligence on CLRR had examined the requirements of the existing CRT Rule, and mass balance records from CLRR, they could only draw one conclusion by the end of 2013. I know, because I did the diligence, and cut off shipments to CLRR in 2013 until and unless the company corrected the expired and exceeded requirements of my diligence.  And I cut them off despite them lowering their fees to my company, and despite it being the beginning of the worst year in the history of my company - the Vermont Opt Out Plan settlement of 2014.

Regulations: The Purpose of Rules

When there are Guidelines or regulations, there are reasons to follow them and enforce them.

  1. There is a positive environmental effect to the rules (or negative impact from not following the rule).
  2. "Rules are Rules".   If Rules are not enforced, other meaningful (see #1) Rules will also not be enforced.

If it is #1, there should be a science or test to demonstrate and constantly improve on the rules.  If for example there is a different rule (Universal Waste vs. EPA CRT Rule) in Vermont vs. NH, MA, NY (our three border states), enough time has passed to know the pros and cons attributable to the differences.   It's not about the alleged ego clash between 1990s MA DEP David Struhs vs. EPA Region I's John DeVillars.

If it is #2, I can accept that... So long as the Rules are applied evenly and to everyone.  If Vermont has a different rule from NH, MA, NY, and is applying the rule for consistency, you expect to see the same citations to my list of 9 other electronics processors in the state.

Bullyboys X: 城管 Authoratah!! Pope Francis to Joseph Benson


城管   [chéngguǎn / cheng2 guan3] noun. 
City management or administrators tasked with enforcing municipal laws, regulations, codes, etc. They have a very poor reputation amongst Chinese people as being corrupt and violent brutes, best known for often physically bullying illegal street vendors, hawkers, and peddlersSee examples.

This post is from the ChinaSmack Glossary, which is a collection of current idioms and expressions, like "memes" in China.  You've heard of the "green fence" and the crackdown on printer refurbishers in Foshan?  This may be the Chinese word for the people Joseph Benson called "bullyboys".

Good news.  The number of poor recyclers' defenders has just increased by One.
Pope Francis has made an amateur video praising the world's "cartoneros" — the poor people who pick through garbage to find recyclable and reusable goods. He says their work is dignified and good for the environment. [ABC News]
It is so bloody obvious that an activity, such as recycling, which is praised as good citizenship when performed by rich people, does not deserve less merit when performed by poor people.  How often do MIT and the Pope and modern artists in NYC agree?

We now have author Adam Minter, NYC Artist/Oscar Winner Vik Muniz, former Basel Convention Secretary Katharina Kummer Peiry, researchers from Memorial University, USC, PUCP, MIT, Africans and Chinese, all signing the praise of recycling in a fair manner.   Where with the backlash be felt?

By Authorities who hitched their wagons to Basel Action Network's campaign of poverty porn photos, false statistics, and halloween rhetoric.

Authority.  Bullyboys.  城管
[Pope] Francis, known for his simple habits, has denounced today's "throw-away culture" and said in the video that food that is tossed aside each day could feed all the world's hungry.
Francis has a long relationship with Argentina's "cartoneros" — literally "cardboard people." He would celebrate Mass for them as archbishop and invited them on stage during World Youth Day in July.
Middle managers, the tide has turned.  The Vermont E-Waste Massacree will be the Wounded Knee of the battle against good enough markets.  When Chinese bloggers are complaining about the same thing as the Pope, African TV repairmen (Joe Benson), and New York professional artists, the Temp Light is on your motorcycle.   Ignore it and ruin your vehicle.  E-Stewards has to execute Plan B, throw Eric Cartman out of the Executive Director chair.  Even Donald Summers, the former BAN.org consultant who (18 months ago) called my views on Fair Trade Recycling "a huge outlier", now works for ISRI.

"Recycling good." say Og, beating a reused mammoth bone against an elk antler.

Is E-Waste Hazardous or Universal Waste? Not Yet...

Following last weekend's surreal blogging into the mind of Jesus, it's time to focus on recycling regulations and law.  EPA is about to tinker with RCRA definitions of used electronics, purportedly to close the "loophole" of calling something reused a "commodity".  It appears EPA wants to follow China's lead, and declare reused metals "wastes".   This will help complete the snatch of authority from Department of Commerce by the Environmental Protection Agency, once again leaving horrific mining of raw virgin ores "commodity" and relatively clean scrap metals will be "hazardous wastes."

I've written previously about the "rights" of states to form rules which are stricter than federal rules - so long as the federal rule agrees that the substance is in fact "discarded".  But the state environmental agency cannot charge into your house to find a "working" unit, and whether something "works" is a silly test if the non-working P4 is worth much more than the working P2.

What if a state wants to regulate an item which is excluded from "solid waste" as a "universal waste"?  Can an item which meets commodity exclusion rules still be hazardous?  Can it be universal, and hazardous, but not a waste?  Earlier this year, we looked at the "chicken or egg" problems which arose in one state which tried to make e-waste "universal waste" without classifying reuse as waste.

EPA and "universal waste" is something I'm very familiar with, going back to my days as recycling director for the Massachusetts DEP Division of Solid Waste (and later Consumer Programs division director).   EPA ultimately sided with Mass. DEP in deciding that scrap metals should not be treated much differently from mined ores.  If the ores were hazardous, then so should the scrap, but when the ores were not treated as hazardous, making scrap "hazardous" merely because it was secondary material was a mistake we didn't make.  Why another refresher course on universal waste and RCRA?


For now, since so many are confused about what RCRA says in the first place, is a refresher course in USA waste vs. commodity law.  The current USA law treats recycled scrap as the equivalent of mined ore.  That was smart.  The perfect should not be the enemy of the good, and if recycled content is the only alternative to virgin content, and the production of virgin content is more toxic than recycling, recycling is the good.  14/15 largest Superfund sites (which bankrupted Superfund more than a decade ago) are "hard-rock" metals mines.   RCRA as written saw that the worst recycling is better than the best mining.  Thanks to "Recycling Watchdogs", that is about to change.  But for now, here is the way recycling is governed by federal law:

Related Posts
First, here is the language in § 261.4  of RCRA